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Species Information
General: Perennial herb from rhizome, without tubers; stems erect, 20-80 cm tall, slender, simple or branched, 4-angled, generally glabrous but nodes short-hairy.
Leaves: Opposite, oblong to lanceolate, 3-8 cm long, 1-3.5 cm wide, tips pointed, bases tapering to a short stalk, margins coarsely, irregularly and deeply toothed or cleft, lower teeth larger; uppermost leaves shallowly toothed to entire.
Flowers: Inflorescence of many head-like, axillary flower clusters; corollas tubular, 4-lobed, white, 2-3 mm long, about the length of calyces; calyx teeth 5, awl-like, short-awned.
Fruits: Nutlets, 4 clustered together, 1-1.5 mm long, 0.8-1.2 mm wide, 3-angled, corky-thickened on edges, smooth and broadly rounded at the top.
The table below shows the species-specific information calculated from original data (BEC database) provided by the BC Ministry of Forests and Range. (Updated August, 2013)